19 主要腸胃荷爾蒙及神經調節物質

   

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The Major Gastrointestinal Regulatory Substances

主要腸胃荷爾蒙及神經調節物質

SUBSTANCE 物質	STIMULUS FOR PRODUCTION 刺激其產生的因素	TARGET TISSUE 標的組織	EFFECT ON SECRETIONS 分泌物的效果	EFFECT ON MOTILITY 對腸胃道蠕動之效果
A. Neuroregulators 　神經傳遞調節物質
Acetylcholine 乙酸酸膽鹼	Sight, smell, chewing food, stomach distention 視覺、嗅覺、咀嚼食物、胃擴張	Gastric glands, other secretory glands, gastric and intestinal muscle 胃腺體、分泌腺體、胃及小腸肌肉	Increased gastric acid 增加胃酸	Generally increased; decreas sphincter tone 通常增加胃腸蠕動、降低括約肌張力
Norepinephrine 正腎上腺素	Stress, other various stimuli 壓力、其它各種刺激	Secretory glands, gastric and intestinal muscle 分泌腺體、胃及小腸肌肉	Generally inhibitory 通常為抑制	Generally decreased; increase sphincter tone 通常降低胃腸蠕動，增加括約肌張力
B. Hormonal Regulators 　荷爾蒙調節物質
Gastrin 促胃液素	Stomach distention with food 胃因有食物而擴張時	Gastric glands 胃腺體	Increased secretion of gastric juice, which is rich in HCI 增加富含塩酸的胃液分泌	1. Increased motility of stomac decreased time required for gastric emptying 增加胃之蠕動，降低胃排空時間 2. Relaxation of ileocecal sphincter 鬆弛迴盲括約肌 3. Excitation of colon 刺激興奮大腸 4. Constriction of gastroesophageal sphincter 胃食道括約肌收縮
Cholecystokinin 胆囊收縮素	Fat in duodenum 十二指腸中的脂肪	Gallbladder 胆囊	Release of bile into duodenum 釋放胆汁進入十二指腸
		Pancreas 胰	Increased production of enzyme rich pancereatic secretions 增加分泌富含酶的胰分泌液
		Stomach 胃	Inhibits gastric secretion somewhat 抑制胃之分泌
Secretin 胰泌素	pH of chyme in duodenum below 4-5 十二指腸中的食糜之 pH 低於4-5時	Stomach 胃	Inhibits gastric secretion somewhat 抑制胃之分泌	Inhibits stomach contractions 抑制胃收縮
		Pancreas 胰	Increased production of bicarbonate-rich pancreatic juice 增加分泌富含碳酸的胰液
C. Local Regulator 　局部調節物質
Histamine 組織胺	Unclear, substances in food 不明食物中的成份	Gastric glands 胃腺體	Increased gastric acid production 增加胃酸分泌

18 腸胃道的酶/分泌物的來源及作用

　　　　   

 (點擊上方圖片進入王群光自然診所官網)

王群光自然診所：台北市羅斯福路三段271號10樓

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　　　腸胃道的酶/分泌物的來源及作用

ENZYME/SECRETION 酶/分泌物名稱	ENZYME SOURCE 酶的來源	DIGESTIVE ACTION 消化功能
A. Action of Enzsymes That Digest Carbobydrates 　消化碳水化合物的酶之作用
Ptyalin ( salivary amylase ) 唾液酶	Salivary glands 唾液腺	Starch→dextrin, maltose, glucose 澱粉→葡聚糖、麥芽糖、葡萄糖
Amylase 澱粉酶	Pancreas and intestinal mucosa 胰及小腸黏膜	1. Starch→dextrin, maltose, glucose 澱粉→葡聚糖、麥芽糖、葡萄糖 2. Dextrin→maltose glucose 葡聚糖→麥芽糖、葡萄糖
Maltase 麥芽糖酶	Intestinal mucosa 小腸黏膜	Maltose→glucose 麥芽糖→葡萄糖
Sucrase 蔗糖酶	Intestinal mucosa 小腸黏膜	Sucrose→glucose, fructose 蔗糖→葡萄糖、果糖
Lactase 乳糖酶	Intestinal mucosa 小腸黏膜	Lactose→glucose, galactose 乳糖→葡萄糖、半乳糖
B. Action of Enzymes/Secretions That Digest Protein 　消化蛋白質的酶/分泌物之作用
Pepsin 胃液素	Gastric mucosa 胃黏膜	Protein→Polypeptides 蛋白質→多胜肽
Trypsin 胰蛋白酶	Pancreas 胰	Proteins and polypeptides→polypeptides, dipeptides, amino acids 蛋白質及多胜肽→多胜肽、二胜肽、胺基酸
Aminopeptidase 氨基肽酶	Intestinal mucosa 小腸黏膜	Polypeptides→dipeptides, amino acids多胜肽→二胜肽、胺基酸
Dipeptidase 二胜肽酶	Intestinal mucosa 小腸黏膜	Dipeptides→amino acids 二胜肽→胺基酸
Hydrochloric acid 塩酸	Gastric mucosa 胃黏膜	Protein→polypeptides, amino acids 蛋白質→多胜肽、胺基酸
C. Action of Enzymes That Digest Fat(Triglyceride) 　消化脂肪(三酸甘油脂)的酶之作用
Pharyngeal lipase 咽頭脂肪分解酶	Pharynx mucosa 咽頭黏膜	Triglycerides→fatty acids, diglycerides, monoglycerides 三酸甘油脂→脂肪酸、二酸甘油脂、單酸甘油脂
Steapsin 胰脂酶	Gastric mucosa 胃黏膜	Triglycerides→fatty acids, diglycerides, monoglycerides三酸甘油脂→脂肪酸、二酸甘油脂、單酸甘油脂
Pancreatic lipase 胰脂肪分解酶	Pancreas 胰	Triglycerides→fatty acids, diglycerides, monoglycerides三酸甘油脂→脂肪酸、二酸甘油脂、單酸甘油脂
Bile 胆汁	Liver and gallbladder 肝臟及胆囊	Fat emulsification 脂肪乳化